芒苞草科——单子叶植物一个新科的确认兼论其系统位置

Confirmation of Acanthochlamydaceae, A New Proposed Monocotyledons Family and Its Systematic Position

报道了芒苞草属（ＡｃａｎｔｈｏｃｈｌａｍｙｓＰ．Ｃ．Ｋａｏ）的综合研究结果。从多学科的研究材料表明，芒苞草属（ＡｃａｎｔｈｏｃｈｌａｍｙｓＰ．Ｃ．Ｋａｏ）在解剖、胚胎、细胞、孢粉等方面，都具有许多独特的性状和特征，既有原始的，也有进化的，同时还有一些过渡性的类型和特征。在营养器官和生殖器官方面，保留有与双子叶植物毛茛目（Ｒａｎｕｎｃｕｌａｌｅｓ）相联系的特征。芒苞草科所具有的这些性状和特征，在我国种子植物区系研究中尚属罕见。这些特征与单子叶植物的４个目１０个科进行了多学科的综合比较，结果表明芒苞草属（ＡｃａｎｃｈｏｃｈｌａｍｙｓＰ．Ｃ．Ｋａｏ）与其各相关类群有着显著的差异，不能置于单子叶植物的任何一科之中，鉴于其在分类学上的孤立位置，作者于１９８９年将芒苞草属从石蒜科中分立出来，上升为一个独立的新科———芒苞草科（ＡｃａｎｔｈｏｃｈｌａｍｙｄａｃｅａｅＰ．Ｃ．Ｋａｏ）。在系统演化上，芒苞草科与多花科（Ａｎｔｈｅｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）、葱科（Ａｌｉａｃｅａｅ）有密切关系。芒苞草科可能是由多花科的鸡尾兰属（Ａｎｔｈｅｒｉｃｕｍ）演化而来，再向前发展至葱科的美洲葱属（Ｎｏｔｈｏｓｃｏｒｄｕｍ）。芒苞草科应置于天门冬目?

This paper gives a comprehensive report of the research results about Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao. It reveals that Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao possesses in anatomy, embryology, cytology and palynology many special characters, which are original, evolutionary or transitional. The vegetative and reproductive organs of Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao have some features related with Ranunculales of Dicotyledoneae. These characters show that Acanthochlamys P. C. Kao is different from other monocotyledons families and very particular in Chinese Spermatophytic Flora. Therefore, the author separated it from Amaryllidaceae and proposed a new family——Acanthochlamydaceae P. C. Kao in 1989. Systematically, Acanthochlamydaceae is related with Anthericaceae and Alliaceae of Asparagales. This new family is possibly evolved from Anthericum of Anthericaceae and Nothoscordum of Alliaceae may be from Acanthochlamydaceae. Acanthochlamydaceae should belong to Asparagales.