我国铁路冷藏车制冷工质R12之替代研究

Alternatives refrigerants for R12 of refrigerated railway cars in China

我国铁路数千辆冷藏运输车大量使用的非环保制冷工质R12,即将在2010年全球停产,必须尽快为其找到合适的替代制冷工质。针对机械冷藏车使用压缩机的特殊结构形式,提出了一种非常简单实用的停缸法为R12替代改造方案,即停止1个低压进气缸工作,增加1个中压喷液降温装置,解决了充注R22工质带来的制冷剂流量过大和排气温度过高2个问题。理论计算和试验表明:改造后的机组性能均满足使用要求,并可节约改造费用数千万元,达到了用过渡性工质R22替代R12为机械保温车替代制冷工质的目的,可以保证目前我国绝大部分机械冷藏车顺利运用到其报废年限。

Refrigerated lorry used refrigerant R12 in China. R12 will be stopped production in 2010, so it is exigent to find appropriate substitute refrigerants. According to refrigerated lorry compressor configuration, a good substitute scheme was put forward. This scheme can make a low pressure inlet cylinder stopping work, and add a middle pressure spray liquid cooling device. The questions that excessive high exhaust temperature and excessive high refrigerant flow during the process of refrigerant charging can be solved. Test results show that reconstructive units can meet the request, and it can save ten millions expenses, and it can obtain the aim that using R22 to substitute R12, and it can guarantee that most of the refrigerated lorry works until its service life.