一株假单胞菌对高粘原油的乳化降解作用

Emulsification and Degradation of Hyper-viscous Crude Oil by Pseudomonas

从油田原油污染土壤中筛选出一株以原油为最佳碳源产表面活性剂的假单包菌SY-3。该菌在以原油烃为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基中,除降粘外还能产生甲酸和乙酸。通过单因素试验,确定了降低原油粘度最适条件:初始原油浓度12g/L,氮源为4g/L的混合氮源[硝酸钠和硝酸铵(1:1)],培养温度37℃,接种量5%,初始pH值7.0,培养时间5d。GC谱图分析经SY-3菌降解前后原油组分的变化,可知原油的重质组分含量明显降低,轻质组分含量明显增加,降粘率达56%。表明该菌株对原油有良好的乳化降解能力。

A bacterial strain designated as SY-3 was isolated from crude oil-polluted soil, which had the capability to degrade crude oil and produce surfactant when it was grown on a mineral medium containing crude oil as the sole carbon source, in addition to viscosity-reduction, can produce formic acid and acetic acid. The optimum conditions of viscosity-reduction were determined as initial concentration of crude oil 12g/L, 4g/L mixture of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate as nitrogen substrate, temperature 37℃, initial pH7.0, inoculation 5% and culture time 5d. Through GC spectrum analysis of degradation of components of crude oil before and after the change, it was found that the weight portions obviously decreased and light portions of the crude oil obviously increased after SY-3 strain action, with viscosity reduction rate of approximate 56%.