土壤重金属污染的调控机理及应用研究

Regulatory Mechanism and Application in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil

土壤重金属物污染的调控机理和应用研究,是国内外重金属污染土壤修复技术研究的热点和前沿领域。通过利用生物作用、理化措施等调控技术,可降低土壤中重金属的有效态浓度,降低其生物有效性及迁移性。文章阐述了利用植物、微生物、化学改良剂等修复土壤重金属污染的调控机理、影响因素、应用技术等方面的研究现状,讨论了植物修复、微生物作用、固定沉淀、吸附络合、有机络合及螯合、离子拮抗等原理与措施,并提出了其研究应用的发展趋势和展望。

The research about regulatory mechanism and application of heavy metals has been identified as a cost--effective measure for contaminated soil in situ remediation. The biologic and physicochemical technology could increase the sorption capacity of soils or promote the formation of sparingly soluble precipitates of heavy metals in soils and thus effectively decrease the mobility, toxicity and bioavailability of the heavy metal. The mechanisms, factor, types, efficiency, problems and current situation of research were summarized. The mostly applied amendments decrease heavy metal leaching and their bioavailability via various reaction processes including Phytoremediation, soil microorganism＇s action, precipitation, chemical adsorption and ion exchange, surface precipitation, formation of stable complexes with organic ligands and redox reaction. We should also focus on the potential environmental risks brought forth the application of the amendments and the stability of the technique in natural field soils in the future.