论村落自主性的形成机制与演变逻辑

The Formational Mechanisms and Evaluative Logic of Village Independence

从理想类型上看,传统村落具有一定程度的自主性:自我提供公共产品,自我生产帮扶体系,自我满足消费欲望,自我维持内部秩序。这是由相应的内外支持结构决定的:从内部看,村落的自然条件与空间分布、熟人社会的特质、交换圈的客观存在、资源总量限制与模糊化利益、民间信仰体系都是至关重要的原因;从外部看,"编户齐民"的限度、"皇权不下县"与乡绅的非正式治理、政府的重农导向与休生养息的理念、村落与国家共享一套文化符号,是非常关键的外部因素。系统解析村落自主性的形成机制,可以发现其维持所需的独特的社会条件,因而具有先天的脆弱性。在现代化的背景下,我国村落的转型历程呈现其自主性的演变逻辑。在此背景下,村落未来的发展路径也应得到深思。

In an ideal view, traditional village has some independence that including self-providing public products, self-producing inter-supporting systems, self-fulfilling consumption, and self-maintaining inner order. Systematically analyzing the formational mechanisms of village＇s independence, we find the social conditions which are necessary to maintain them are so unique that they have connatural frangibility. In the context of modernization, since the transformational process of our country＇s villages has shown their logic of independent evolution, their future development should be reconsidered.