肽核酸的分子生物学效应及应用

Molecular Effect and Application of Peptide Nucleic Acid.

肽核酸（ＰＮＡ）是一类以酰胺键连接骨架替代核酸中核糖磷酸二酯键骨架构成的核酸类似物，其中Ｎ乙基甘氨酸骨架ＰＮＡ与核酸链以ＷａｓｔｏｎＣｒｉｃｋ碱基配对形式稳定互补结合，具有广泛生物学效应，包括调节ＤＮＡ识别蛋白质的功能以及调节转录和翻译．在分子生物学研究中ＰＮＡ作为新的工具在多方面得到应用．除它的ＤＮＡ（ＲＮＡ）结合特性外ＰＮＡ在生物稳定性、细胞摄取、结构修饰多方面的研究进展显示出作为基因调节药物具有良好前景．

PNA is DNA analog in which the phosphate backbone has been replaced by (2aminoethyl) glycine unit that is linked to the nucleotide bases via the glycine amino nitrogen and methylenecarbonyl linkers. PNA can bind to complementary oligonucleotides by WatsonCrick base paring with high thermal stability and exhibit wide biological effects including modulating the function of DNA sequence specific binding protein and modulating the transcription and translation in vivo or in vitro. Many applications have been explored for PNA as a new kind of molecular biological tools. Despite its DNA(RNA)binding properties, recent progress has shown that PNA has potential for the development of genetargeting pharmaceuticals.