宋代理学的逻辑——以朱熹的《四书集注》为考察文本

Logic of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty——Regarding Zhu Xi's Connotation of Four Books as Study Text

《四书集注》是宋代理学学术的重要载体,朱熹为此几乎付出了一生的工夫。《四书集注》表明,朱熹通过发现"孟子道性善,言必称尧舜"这一关键论述的深刻涵义,证明了创建宋代理学的首功者当属二程(程颢、程颐),从而揭示了宋代理学成立的历史逻辑。同时,朱熹还从孟子的"性善论"演绎出"四端皆善"的命题。这个命题是宋代理学的一个元命题。围绕这一命题,宋代理学建立起了它的伦理逻辑系统。

Connotation of Four Books is important works about the doctrine of Song neo-Confucianism, and Zhu Xi contributed his life time to it. By discovering the profound significance which Mencius talked about kind nature （xing） that he must pay tribute to ancient sages Yao and Shun, Zhu Xi proved the Chengs （ Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi） to be great men who had made Song neo-Confucianism ger- minant at first in Connotation of Four Books, and revealed the history logic to set Song neo-Confucianism up. At the same time Zhu Xi deduced the proposition that four points of man＇s nature were kind entirely from Mencius theory of kind nature; it was an original proposition in Song neo-Confucianism, and so Song neo-Confucianism established system of ethical logic.