浅析1911年—1917年俄国在外蒙古地区贸易的畸形发展

Analysis of the Abnormal Development of Russian Trade in Outer Mongolia from 1911 to 1917

1911年12月,外蒙古上层王公贵族利用中国南方辛亥革命之机在俄国的支持下脱离满清王朝。这为俄国改变在外蒙古地区的贸易地位创造了有利条件。由此,俄国在短期内主导了外蒙古地区的贸易。但在俄国卷入第一次世界大战和中国内地商人的有力竞争等诸多因素影响下,俄国在外蒙古地区的贸易影响迅速弱化。至1917年十月革命爆发之时,俄国工业品几乎停止输入外蒙古地区。总之,从1911—1917年,俄国在外蒙古地区的贸易经历了一个畸形发展的过程。

On December 1911 ,with the help of Russian government the upper nobility of Outer Mongolia took advantage of the Chinese Hsinhai Revolution to separate from Qing Dynasty, which created the opportunity for Russia to alter its trade status in Outer Mongolia. Thus, Russia dominated the trade in Outer Mongolia in the short run. However,influenced by several factors such the involvement in World War I and fierce competition with Chinese businessmen, the impact of Russian trade in Outer Mongolia was rapidly weakened. Until the Rev- olution broke out in 1917 ,the industrial production from Russia was hardly exported to Outer Mongolia. In conclusion, Russian trade in Outer Mongolia went through a process of abnormal development from 1911 to 1917.