阿拉拉特小麦(Triticum araraticum)抗白粉病基因向普通小麦转移 Ⅰ.阿拉拉特小麦与普通小麦杂种后代的细胞遗传研究及抗性鉴定

Transfer of a Gene to Powdery Mildew Resistance from Triticum araraticum Jakubz to Triticum aestivum L. I. Studies on Cytogenetics and Identification of Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hybrid Progenies of T. aestivum and T. araraticum

配制了普通小麦与阿拉拉特小麦的正、反交组合２０个，杂交结实率为４．９％～３３．６％。不同组合杂种Ｆ１每个ＰＭＣ平均的单价体为１５．２０～１８．５５，二价体为７．０３～９．０２，三价体和四价体分别为０．３６～１．１５和０．０１～０．０２。通过对杂种后代连续２年成株期混合菌种抗性鉴定和苗期分小种分菌系鉴定表明，从普通小麦中国春与阿拉拉特小麦的杂种Ｆ３和Ｆ４代已选择到对白粉病高抗～免疫的单株，它们具有４２条染色体，在ＰＭＣ′ｓＭＩ形成０．００～０．４６个单价体，２０．７７～２１．００个二价体，０．００～０．０６个四价体，在细胞学上已稳定。与已知白粉病抗性基因比较的抗谱分析表明，阿拉拉特小麦携有主效抗病基因Ｐｍ２，在上述的杂交选择过程中，已通过遗传重组将Ｐｍ２基因导入到中国春中。

Triticum araraticum Jakubz (2n=28, AAGG) was successfully hybridized with Triticum aestivum L.(2n=42, AABBDD). The percentage of seed setting ranged from 4.0～33.6 in hybrids. Meiotic analysis of PMCs at MI revealed 15.20～18.55 I,7.03～9.02Ⅱ, 0.36～1.15Ⅲ and 0.01～0.02Ⅳ per PMC respectively in hybrid F 1. The plants with high resistance to powdery mildew were obtained from F 3 and F 4 in T. aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring and T. araraticum through disease test from 1993～1995. There were 42 chromosomes in somatic cell of those plants. The average numbers of meiotic configuration per cell were 0.00～0.46, I, 20.77～21.00Ⅱ, 0.00～0.06Ⅳ, respectively, with stability in cytology. The comparative analysis of the lines with known resistant gene indicated that there was main gene Pm 2 in T. araraticum , which was transferred into T. aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring by hybridization. It is presumed that T. araraticum may be a donor of Pm 2.