天台知礼与子凝禅师论争简析

An Analysis of Debate between Tiantai Buddhist Zhi Li and Monk Zi Ning

赵宋时代,天台宗典籍由于唐会昌法难所失而由高丽、日本复得,研习智顗、湛然典籍之风兴起,天台内部因而产生不同见解。山家派采用知识论的诠释学方法,企图穿越历史时空,返回智顗、湛然原意;山外派则采用生存本体论诠释方法,把智顗、湛然理论融于时代潮流。山家派知礼指责山外派的诠释是主张"一念灵知"、"直显心性",是受了禅宗的"顿悟"说和"真心"观的影响,并在《十不二门指要钞》中点了禅宗《永嘉集》和圭峰禅师的名。这样,知礼批判的矛头越过了山外派而指向了禅宗,从而引发了一场知礼与子凝禅师的论争。

The records on Tiantai Buddhism was lost because of Huichang suppression, and was regained from Korea and Japan which caused the research on Zhi Yi＇s and Zhan Ran＇s books with a result of producing different opinions in the Tiantai Buddhism. Shanjia School tried to express the original meanings with knowledge theory, while Shanwai School integrated Zhi Yi＇s and Zhan Rant theories into the time with existential ontology. Therefore, Shanwai＇s opinions are rebuked by Shanjia School who had written out the Zen＇s sacred book Yong Jia Ji and Gui Feng. Due to Zhi Li＇s criticism to Zen theme, a debate between Zhi Li and Abbot Zi Ning happened.