对“价值”概念的几种界定

Several definitions of the concept of "value"

在经济理论领域内,"价值"是使用得最广泛,同时也是最复杂的一个经济范畴之一。在各种价值理论或观点背后,如何理解"价值"是关键所在。其实",价值"最初是同交换密切联系在一起的,在交换中人们首先要解决的一个问题是一个物品换取他种物品的数量是多少,亦即交换比例如何确定的问题,当然交换比例应在逻辑上先于交换行为而确定的。进一步的研究表明,在关于交换比例的确定的量的分析之前,还必须回答交换成立的基础这一更加重要的质的问题,然而,这一问题开始进入经济思想家的眼界并不容易,能否意识到并同意这个问题是造成价值理论分歧的根本原因之一。据此,考察经济史上各种价值或价格理论,并对"价值"概念进行了几种界定。

the ＂value＂ is closely linked with the exchange initially, in order to make exchange the first problem people need to solve is the number of items that a type of goods in exchange for -- that is, how to determine the exchange ratio. Of course, the exchange ratio should be determined logically precede the behavior of exchange. Further research showed that before the quantitive analysis of determining the exchange ratio, it is also necessary to achieve a qualitative analysis by answering the basis of the exchange -- but it is not easy for this issue to enter the vision of economist, whether aware of and agree with this problem is one of the fundamental reasons between the differences of value problem; from this angle study a variety of value or price theory in the economic history, and then define several ＂value＂ concepts.