熊蜂携带花粉的电镜鉴定及与采访植物协同演化关系的研究

An identification under scanning electron microscope about the pollen in the corbicular of bumblebees and study on the co-evolutionary relationship between bumblebees and their food plants

通过对蜜蜂总科（Apoidea）熊蜂属Bombus15个亚属、20种的熊蜂蜂王花粉篮中携带的花粉进行电镜扫描鉴定，结果结合熊蜂及植物比较形态学、熊蜂亚属及采访植物间进化关系进行了分析。结果表明：熊蜂的采访植物包括被子植物的9目、10科，涉及原始、进化及中间3种植物类型，且颚眼距较长的熊蜂亚属既采访长管花也采访短管花植物，颚眼距较短的熊蜂亚属则只倾向于采访短管花植物。

Pollen in the corbicular of 20 species(represent 15 subgenera) of bumblebees were identified under scanning electron microscope. According to the morphology study and the evolutionary relationship study of bumblebees and their food Plants the identification results were analyzed. The results indicated that the food plants of bumblebees includes 9 others and 10 families of angiosperm, they belong to three types:primary angiosperm, advanced angiosperm and middle-leveled angiosperm. In the other hand, the long-malar-areabumblebees visit both long-tubed flowers and short-tubed flowers and the short-malar-area bumblebees oniy like to visit short-tubed flowers.