社区36个月内婴幼儿营养不良发病状况分析

Analysis of incidence of malnutrition in infants less than 36 months of age in community

[目的]了解我院社区卫生服务中心儿童保健门诊婴幼儿营养不良发病情况及其影响因素。[方法]对1387例36个月内婴幼儿进行系统的监测,并对婴幼儿营养不良发病情况进行回顾性分析。[结果]营养不良总发病率为13.77%,以低体重类型为主,占营养不良的73.30%(140/191)。轻度营养不良的发生率最高,为8.94%(124/1387),中度营养不良的发生率为4.69%(65/1387);7个月～12个月婴幼儿营养不良的发病率明显高于其他月龄段,而13个月～24个月婴幼儿营养不良患病率最高;营养不良发生的主要影响因素有喂养方式、添加辅食时间、家庭经济状况和父母文化程度等。[结论]24个月以内婴幼儿是防治营养不良的重点对象,早期普及教育,提倡母乳喂养,加强对婴幼儿家长喂养知识的指导,及时合理增加各种营养食物是降低婴幼儿营养不良的重要措施。

Objective：To know the status quo of malnutrition and its influencing factors of infants visiting health service center in children＇s health care clinical system of our hospital in community. Methods..A total of 1 387 infants less than 36 months of age in children＇s health care clinic were observed. The occurrence of malnutrition among infants was analyzed retrospectively. Results：The total incidence of malnutrition was 13.77%. Most of them were lower - weighted and accounted for 73.30%. The incidence of mild malnutrition among them was the highest and accounted for 8.94%. And the incidence of moderate malnutrition was 4. 96%. Infants with malnutrition aged from 7-12 months old were obviously more than other age group. And infants of 13 -24 months old had the highest prevalence of malnutrition. Main influencing factors on the occurrence of malnutrition included way of feeding,time to start adding complementary foods, family economic status, and education background of parents. Conclusion：Infants of less than 24 months of age are important subjects for prevention and treatment of malnutrition. Early popular education, advocating breast feeding, strengthening instructions of parents about feeding knowledge, and supplement of different kinds of nutrient foods reasonably and in time are very important measures for lowering the occurrence of malnutrition in infants.