武汉城防战备与保卫大武汉

City Defense and War Readiness of Wuhan and Defending Wuhan

武汉地方军事当局自"九一八"事变起即按照国民政府的统一部署,开始了武汉城防战备。根据武汉第一个对日战备计划——1932年制定的《歼灭日人在汉武力计划,》1937年武汉抗战前夕制定的《武汉防空演习工务实施方案》、《武汉警备计划及必要时之处置》(1936年)、《武汉附近非常时期防卫计划》(1937年)、《武汉行营对于武汉附近非常时期防卫纲领》(1937年)、《武汉城防作战计划》(1937年)等多个计划的内容及执行情况,分析论述武汉城防工事及周边野战工事的构建,战时交通通信体系,防空体系,城防作战部署的完善等内容。武汉的城防战备绝不是单纯意义上的一个城市孤立的战备,应把其放在1937年12月开始的武汉抗战的大背景下去审视,去探讨其本身的规律,去总结其经验和教训,从而扩大武汉抗战历史的研究范畴。

The local military authorities of Wuhan started the city defense and war readiness according to the unified arrangement by the National Government right after happening of Mukden Incident. According to contents and performance of the first project of war readiness against Japanese Project of Eliminating the Armed Force of Japanese in Wuhan made in 1932, the Implement Project of Air Defense Drill of Wuhan made before the eve of the Anti-Japanese War in Wuhan in 1937, the Garrison Project of Wuhan and Measures in a Pinch （1936） , the Defense Project of Wuhan Neighborhood in the Special Occasions （1937） , the Defense Program of Wuhan Neighborhood in the Special Occasions by Wuhan Headquarters （1937） , and the Defense Project of the City Defense of Wuhan （1937） , the paper analyzes and discusses the contents about the construction of the city defense of Wuhan and fieldwork of the neighborhood, the traffic communications system in the war-time, air defense system and the improvement of the city combating arrangement. Wuhan＇s war readiness in city defense was not the city-isolated one in significance. It should be examined in the background of the Anti-Japanese War in Wuhan started in 1937 so as to probe into its self-discipline, to conclude its experience and lessons and to enlarge the researching scope about the history of the Anti-Japanese War in Wuhan.