海南3种典型森林土壤蓄水和渗透能力比较研究

Comparative Study of Forest Soil Infiltration and Water Storage Capacity of Eucalyptus Plantations,Rubber Trees and Secondary Forest in Hainan

[目的]进行海南琼中地区3种森林类型（桉树人工林、橡胶林、天然次生林） 林地土壤的持水特性研究。[方法]对琼中地区3年生桉树人工林、天然次生林及15年生橡胶林土壤的物理性质、土壤水分的入渗性能进行测定分析。[结果]结果表明：3种森林类型的土壤均较湿润，0-80 cm土壤容重的顺序为桉树人工林（1.55 g/cm^3）〉天然次生林（1.50 g/cm^3）〉 橡胶林（1.46 g/cm^3）；土壤非毛管孔隙度的顺序为天然次生林（9.03%）〉橡胶林 （6.54%）〉桉树人工林（6.36%）；土壤最大持水能力为天然次生林〉橡胶林〉桉树人工林；3种森林类型0-80 cm土壤稳定渗透速率为天然次生林（3.58 mm/min）〉橡胶林（3.07 mm/min）〉桉树人工林（2.85 mm/min）。[结论]从土壤水分的入渗性能来看,天然次生林涵养水源和理水调洪的功能要远大于其他森林类型,桉树人工林最差。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to carry out water retention characteristics study of forest soils of three types forests （ Eucalyptus plantations, rubber trees, natural secondary forest） in Qiongzhong region of Hainan. [ Method ] The physical characteristics and water infiltration characteristics of forest soils of three types forests were determined and analyzed in Qiongzhong region. [ Result]The results showed that, the soils of three types forests were all much wet. 0 - 80cm soil bulk density was Eucalyptus plantation （ 1.55 g/cm^3 ） 〉 secondary forest （ 1.50 g/cm^3 ） 〉 rubber trees （ 1.46 g/cm^3 ）. Soil non - capillary porosity was secondary forest （9.03%） 〉 rubber trees（6.54% ） 〉 Eucalyptus plantations （6.36%）. The largest water - holding capacity of soil was secondary forest 〉 rubber trees 〉 Eucalyptus plantations. Three types of forest soil water infiltration properties, The 0 - 80 crn infiltration rate of soil stability soil stability was in the order of ： secondary forest （3.58 mm/min） 〉 rubber trees （3.07 mm/min） 〉 Eucalyptus plantation （2.85 mm/min）. [ Conclusion] It could be concluded that secondary forest had great function of water conservation and regulation than other types of forests from the aspects of infiltration performance of soil moisture. And Eucalyptus plantations performed worst.