基于历史传统与现实需要的中国民主发展之路

China’s Path Towards Democratic Development on the Base of Historical Tradition and Practical Needs

人类所追求的政治价值有很多,民主只是其中之一。不同的社会发展阶段,决定了人们对不同政治价值的追求排序与具体的民主模式。近代以来,中国所追求的首要政治价值并非是民主政治,也缺乏民主生成的经济、社会与文化条件,因此民主进程显得艰难竭蹶。20世纪70年代末的改革开放,奠定了中国民主政治的发展前提。在现阶段,应该从生产力发展、社会和谐、公民社会发育、政治伦理培育、中央集权与政治权威发挥积极作用出发,建立一套以执政党主导、多渠道协商、重视公民能力发展为特征的集权型民主政治体制,引导中国度过社会转型的高风险期。

Democracy is one of the political values that human beings possess. And democratic model is decided by stages of social development. From the modern era,the primary political value pursued by China has not been democratic politics. Yet China lacked the economic,social and cultural roots that democracy needs. So the democratic process is quite difficult. Not until the opening-up and reform in the late 1970s were the prerequisites for democracy lain. The paper argues that development of productivity,social harmony and civil society,nurturing of political ethics,centralization of power and political authority should play active roles. A centralized democratic system should be built with ruling party leadership,multi-channel consultations,and with an emphasis on capacity development. Then it may guide China's social transformation through the high-risk period.