社会生育成本的构成及界定准则的探索

Exploration of the Composition and Defining Criterion of Social Procreation Cost

生育成本的研究可分为生育的家庭成本、生育的社会成本和社会生育成本研究三个时期。其中生育社会成本是指国家和社会为儿童支付的各种支出,而社会生育成本是指超过适度人口给他人带来福利损失时的生育成本。从人的需求及需求系统理论出发,可以将社会生育成本看作生态成本、发展成本、安全成本和享受成本四个部分构成的有机整体,有关社会生育成本的界定可以用木桶理论、系统论和以保障公平的社会福利最大化为准则。

Though research on family cost of procreation and social cost of procreation are abundant,the research on cost of social procreation is limited,which will scale that the population is suitable or not. Based on the humanity demand and the theory of demand systems,the article makes an exploration by plotting out the four parts of the cost of social procreation which includes zoology cost ,development cost,security cost and enjoyment cost. It then expounds the defining criterion,namely the method of 'cask theory',the method of 'system theory' and the maximum of social welfare based on equity.