分子佐剂在DNA疫苗中的应用

The Application of Molecular Adjuvant in DNA Vaccine

如何增强和提高DNA疫苗的免疫效果是新一代DNA疫苗分子设计和研究的关键问题,其中之一就是应用分子佐剂来优化DNA疫苗。分子佐剂可将以基因方式传递的免疫刺激分子与DNA疫苗共免疫,在体内表达相应的蛋白,增强T、B细胞对疫苗成分的体液及细胞免疫应答。目前研究较多的分子佐剂有:细胞因子如干扰素(IFN)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、IL-12、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)等;共刺激分子如B7-2、CD40L等;补体佐剂如C3;免疫刺激序列如CpG、寡核苷酸(ODN)等。分子佐剂在体内与疫苗基因共表达,改善抗原的周边微环境,提高疫苗的免疫效果。因此,分子佐剂是目前DNA疫苗研究中的热点问题之一。

How to enhance and promote the immunological effects is the key point of the design and study of new DNA vaccine, and one strategy is the optimization of DNA vaccine using molecular adjuvant. The molecular adjuvant can make co-immune of DNA vaccine and immuno-stimulation molecular transferred by gene. The in vivo expressions of corresponding proteins can enhance the humoral and eellullar immunologic responses of T and B cells. At present, the molecular adjuvants have drawn more attentions especially the cytokines, such as interferon （IFN）, interleukin （IL-2 and IL-12） and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor （GM-CSF）; co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-2 and CD40L; complement adjuvant C3; imnmostimulation sequences, such as CpG and ODN. The molecular adjuvants, which co-expressed with vaccine genes in vivo, can improve the surrounding microenvironments and promote the immunological effects of vaccine. Therefore, molecular adjuvant is one of the present hot spots of DNA vaccine studies.