语料库与基于语料库的话语研究

Corpora and Corpus-based Discourse Studies

语言研究离不开语料。相对于内省、偶获和诱发语料而言,语料库语料在语言研究方面具有更多的优越性。就话语研究而言,语料库语料可用于分析各种类型的话语。本文用对三种话语的实际分析来阐明语料库语料对话语研究的无可替代的作用。这三种话语即意识形态话语、法律话语和性别话语。语料库语料的功能主要体现在,运用它们研究意识形态话语,有助于揭示隐藏在话语显性命题背后的意识形态;研究法律话语,有利于帮助解决现实世界中的法律问题;研究性别话语,有助于揭示当今社会所存在的性别歧视,使人们进一步认识性别、社会和语言三者之间的关系。可见,基于语料库的话语研究可揭示实质性的社会问题和关系。

Linguistic data are indispensable to the study of language. In comparison with other linguistic data like introspective, anecdotal and elicitation data, corpus data occupy a more favored place with respect to language research. As far as the study of discourse is concerned, corpus data can be employed to analyze various types of discourse. To show the irreplaceable functions of corpora, some results of the study of three types of discourse, namely, ideological, legal and gender, are presented. We find that the use of corpora in the study of ideological discourse can reveal the ideology coded implicitly behind the overt propositions, in the study of legal discourse can help solve real world legal problems, and in the study of gender discourse can bring to light gender inequality in modern society, enabling people to further understand the relationships among gender, society and language. This shows that corpus-based discourse study helps to throw light on crucial issues and relationships in society.