国际大坝拆除现状分析

The Status Quo Analysis of Dam Removal in the World

人类建造水利工程已经有几千年的历史,工业化以后,特别是自然界的电被发现以来,利用水力发电造福人类,更是一度成为人类文明进步的象征。到了20世纪,水坝建设风起云涌,世界许多国家建造了大量的水坝和电站,这极大地推动了20世纪全球经济发展和社会进步。然而,随着大坝的不断建成,大坝的一些负面效果也日益显现,"水坝之争"这一话题诞生了。正是由于以上原因,在国外有些国家已经采用大坝拆除的方式进行河流修复。本文通过收集现有国外拆坝经验,让更多的人意识到水电开发必须科学有效开展,否则大坝兴建将带来巨大负面效应。

The history of constructing water conservancy project has been several thousands of years. After industrialization,especial- ly electricity being discovered in nature, making use of waterpower has been become the symbol of human civilization. Up to 20th century,dams constructing became prosperous and fashionable. Many dams and waterpower plants were built all over the world. As a result, the boom of constructing dams in 20th century greatly impelled the global economic development and social advancement. However, with continually constructing dams, some side effects brought by dams have been increasingly emerged and the disputes about dams have appeared. Based on above-mentioned reasons, in some countries dam removal was chosen as a means of river ecological restoration. Through collection foreign countries dam removal experiences, let more and more people understand that hydropower development should abide by scientific regulations. Otherwise, dam construction will bring us much more side effects.