芬兰基础教育课程改革的整体设计与实施浅析

The Holistic Design and Implementation of Basic Education Curriculum Reform in Finland

自1968年以来,芬兰基础教育改革的实施经历了从中央到地方,再到以地方和学校课程改革为中心的过程。芬兰基础教育课程改革以学生为本,注重全面发展;颁布了一系列教育法案、国家核心课程和教育发展战略,以保障学生受教育的权利;在课程实施上,贯彻"因材施教"的原则。总结芬兰基础教育课程改革的成功经验,至少可以得到三个方面的启示:规范化的课程改革框架;以学生为本的课程改革价值取向;重构作为课程创生者的教师角色。

Since 1968 ,the implementation of basic education reform in Finland has changed from the central government to local government,and then to the school. Education reform in Finland aims at student-centered model and students＇ comprehensive development. Many acts,core curriculum,and education strategies or plans have been issued to guarantee the realization of students＇ receiving education. The principle of teaching students in accordance of their aptitude has been brought into effect. Three conclusions can be drawn from the reform as follows： normative framework of curriculum reform,student-centered orientation of curriculum reform, the reestablishment of the role of teachers as the constructor of curriculum.