世界油页岩原位开采技术进展

World progress of oil shale in-situ exploitation methods

油页岩原位开采技术不需要进行采矿和建设大型的尾气处理设施,可开发深层、高厚度的油页岩资源,具有产品质量好、采油率高、占地面积少和环保等优点,目前尚处于工业试验阶段。按照油页岩层受热方式的不同,可将油页岩原位开采技术分为传导加热、对流加热、辐射加热3类技术。在此,详细介绍了壳牌石油公司地下转化工艺技术、埃克森美孚公司ElectrofracTM技术、IEP公司GFC技术等3种传导加热技术,还介绍了太原理工大学的对流加热技术、雪弗龙CRUSH技术等5种对流加热技术,以及2种辐射加热技术,并分析了各类工艺的优缺点。根据我国油页岩资源埋藏深、品位低的特点,应大力开展原位开采技术方面的研究工作,为将来大规模开发油页岩资源提供技术储备。

The in-situ technology,although in the industrial testing period,will be expected to develop much more oil shale resources with high abundance and in deep formations because its advantages like good quality of the product,high ratio of oil recovery,less occupied area,and being environmental friendly.This paper introduces advantages and disadvantages of the in-situ technologies classified by heating methods:a.In situ wall conduction technologies include Shell's ICP(the In-Situ Conversion Process),ExxonMobil's ElectrofracTM,and IEP GFC(Independent Energy Partners' Geothermic Fuels Cells Process);b.The in situ technologies that use externally-heated gases to decompose oil shale by the Taiyuan University of Technology,Chevron's CRUSH,EGL Resources Process,Petro Probe,and MWE's IGE(Mountain West Energy's In Situ Gas Extraction);c.The concept of oil shale volumetric heating by radio waves(radio frequency processing) was developed by LLNL(Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory),Raytheon and by other inventors.Compared to global research on this technology,China is still in a blank field.This paper also suggests that more studies in China should be encouraged on this technology based on oil shale resource characterized by high burial depth and low-grade deposits.