胚胎干细胞体外培养及在眼科的研究进展

Research progress in the application of embryonic stem cells in vitro culture system in ophthalmology

胚胎干细胞(ESC)具有体外无限增生和自我更新并能够分化为体内各种细胞的潜能。ESC独特的生物学特性被广泛应用于生物和医学研究领域,因此,成功地培养ESCs对于更深入地探讨ESCs的作用机制是非常有帮助的。目前,培养和分化的ESCs已用于一些眼科疾病的治疗,如视网膜变性性疾病和严重的角膜疾病等。ESC在动物和人的胚胎发育、致畸实验、组织工程和移植治疗等研究领域具有重要的科学意义和巨大的应用前景。对胚胎干细胞的发展、体外培养体系及在眼科研究进展进行综述。

The study of embryonic stem cells（ESCs） originates from the investigation of embryonic carcinoma（EC） before 80s of the 20th century, and thereafter many relevant researches have been developed and were concerned in medical and biological fields. ESCs are multipotential cells derived from inner cells mass or primordial germ cell. ESCs are self-renewing pluripotent cells that have the potential ability of differentiating into a wide variety of cell types. Because of their unique biological characteristics, ESCs are widely used in biological and medical research field. Hence, to successfully cultivate ESCs is very helpful for deeply exploring the mechanism and action of ESCs. At present, cultured and differented ESCs have been used in ophthalmology,including the treatment of retinal degeneration and severe corneal diseases, etc.. This review summarizes the development,in vitro culture system, application in ophthalmology of ESCs in order to lay a theoretical basis for the establishment of ESCs culture system in laboratory.