论生态农业模式的基本类型

Fundamental classification of eco-agricultural models

生态农业模式的基本类型可按照生物组织层次分为:在景观层次,以农业土地利用布局为核心的景观模式;在生态系统层次,以农业生态系统组分能物流连结为核心的循环模式;在群落层次,以生物种群结构安排为核心的立体模式;在种群层次,以食物链关系设计为核心的食物链模式;在个体与基因层次上,以动植物品种选择为核心的物种与品种搭配模式。处于上一层次的生态农业模式基本类型可以与向下各个层次的模式套叠,形成复合模式。生态农业基本类型属于基础分类,不排斥其他根据方便利用、容易理解的其他分类方式。这种基本类型的区分有利于认定生态农业建设的重点,有利于模式改进、模式筛选和推广、模式标准制定及模式的深入研究。

Following the basic organization hierachy of biology, eco-agricultural models can be classified into the following fundamental classes： landscape model （at landscape level）, in which agricultural land arrangement pattern is essential; cycling model （at ecosystem level）, in which the core model is linked to different compartments of agro-ecosystems through energy and material flow; the vertical model （at community level）, in which structural arrangement of species is important; food-chain model （at population level）, which relates to the structural design of food-chain; and variety structure model （at individual and gene level）, which relates to the choice of plant and animal species. Models in upper levels interact with models in lower level forming a complex system of model. This fundamental classification of eco-agricultural models does not rule out other methods of classification for specific pur- poses. However it provides understanding and enhances analysis of other classification methods. This fundamental classification benefits identification of important developmental processes of eco-agriculture. It also benefits the improvement, selection, standardization and research on eco-agricultural models.