玉米生育期的海拔效应研究

Influence of elevation on growth duration of maize (Zea mays L.)

为使高海拔地区的玉米生产布局和品种类型利用更加合理,采用作物生态学的田间试验方法,于2006～2007年间,在甘肃省和云南省各设5个试验点,研究了北、南异地不同玉米品种在不同海拔高度的生态效应。结果表明,在播期大体相同的条件下,玉米拔节期、抽雄期、成熟期随海拔的升高而相应延迟,即播种～拔节、拔节～抽雄、抽雄～成熟的"三段生长"时间相应延长。反映生育期长短的出苗～成熟天数与海拔之间呈0.01水平的正相关。本试验条件下,海拔每升降100m,参试玉米品种的生育期延长或缩短4～5d,株高和穗上叶数呈随海拔升高而降低趋势。

In order to determine the most suitable planting site and crop variety, an ecological experiment was conducted on the effect of elevation on maize growth during 2006 - 2007. The study utilized seven maize varieties in five experimental stations across Gansu Province, and five maize varieties in five experimental stations across Yunnan Province. The results show that at the same sowing time, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity stage of maize prolong with increasing elevation. In other words, the durations from sowing to jointing, jointing to heading and heading to maturity become longer with higher elevation. Growth period is therefore positively related with elevation at 0.01 significant level. But when elevation rises 100 m, maize growth becomes sluggish by 4 - 5 days. Maize plant height and ear leaf number reduce with rise in elevation.