刑事错案概念的深层次分析

Deep Analysis on Concept of Criminal Misjudged Case

刑事错案是刑事司法活动中客观存在的一种现象,中国古代和西方都对刑事错案有所研究,并形成了具有时代特点和地域特点的刑事错案概念。可以将刑事错案存在的语境分为诉讼语境和诉讼外语境。在诉讼语境中,学者对刑事错案的概念有"主观说"、"客观说"、"主客观统一说"以及"三重标准说"等等。实践中,有些存在错误的诉讼情形不属于错案:漏罪、漏人情形、量刑偏重偏轻、存疑案件、一般性违反刑事诉讼程序的行为、被否定的正常诉讼行为以及法律的变化导致刑罚变化。

Criminal misjudged case is a phenomenon objectively existing in criminal justice, and it is a kind of wrong activity. There are many researches in Ancient China and the West, and different concepts have formed with the characteristics of the times and geographical features. In contemporary China, the definitions of the concept of misjudged case are different in different situations. In judicial context, scholars define it from many angles, like subjective, objective, coalescent, triple standard. In practice, there are some erroneous justice is beyond misjudged case： verdict missing sins or criminals, leaning senteuee, donbfful case, violation of criminal procedure, rejected litigation and changing punishment according to the movement of law.