宋代“崇文抑武”治国方略与孙子兵学研究

Statecraft of "Advocating Culture and Restraining Military Operations" in Song Dynasty and the Study of Military Science of Sun Tzu

宋代以"崇文抑武"为重要治国方略。这一方略一方面强化了孙子兵学"文"的方面,促进了孙子兵学文献的繁荣和发展,而且使《孙子兵法》的"慎战"、"备战"、"将道"以及形、势、虚实等军事思想与儒家统治思想相对接,上升为指导国家军事斗争的基本理论。另一方面,孙子兵学作为"武"的特质,其诡诈机变之术,带有强烈实践性特征的作战指导原则却遭到排斥,使之难以在理论与实践相结合的层面上获得创新和发展。这就使孙子兵学出现了"形而上"与"形而下"的分裂。这种价值取向很大程度上影响了宋以后孙子兵学的发展走向,也成为中国传统兵学文化值得关注的重要特征。

In Song Dynasty, the important statecraft was advocating culture and restraining military operations. On the one hand,this statecraft intensified the cultural aspect in military science of Sun Tzu,promoted the boom and development of documents concerning military science of Sun Tzu ,and linked such military thoughts as ＂being cautious in warfare＂, ＂making preparations for warfare＂, ＂approaches of being a competent military officer＂, dispositions, strategic military power, vacuity and substance in Military Science of Sun Tzu with the leading Confucianism, which was upgraded to the basic theory guiding national military operations. On the other hand,military operation, the touch of military science of Sun Tzu with approaches of crafty and variation and intense practical military guiding principles,was discriminated against and could not be innovated and developed on the basis of the combination of theory and practice. Hence,there exists a metaphysical disruption in military science of Sun Tzu. To some extent, such kind of value orientation affected the development orientation of military science of Sun Tzu after Song Dynasty and also became the notable important feature of Chinese traditional military culture.