什叶派集体认同与黎巴嫩民族国家构建

Shi‘ite Collective Identity and the Construction of the Nation-State of Lebanon

19世纪中叶以来,现代黎巴嫩民族国家逐渐形成。黎马龙派、逊尼派和德鲁兹派接受了以黎巴嫩为"永恒祖国"的原则,并将之作为构建黎巴嫩民族国家的基础。但黎什叶派传统的以封建家族首领为核心的教派认同,在经历了阿拉伯民族主义的挑战后,转变为以什叶派政治组织和民兵武装为基础的新什叶派教派认同。这种集体认同所具有的亲伊朗和叙利亚的属性,对构建黎巴嫩民族国家形成挑战。

From the mid 1800s, modem Lebanon began to emerge as a state. Lebanon as ＂the eternal homeland＂ had been accepted by the Maronites, the Sunnis and the Druze as a general principle and the foundation of nation-state construction. The Shi＇ite sectarian identity based on the leading role of the traditional feudal zu ＇area was challenged by Arab nationalism in the mid 1900s, and was replaced by a new sectarian identity, based on the Shi＇ite political organizations and sectarian militias. This new Lebanese Shi＇ite collective identity is featured by a pro-Iranian and pro-Syrian position, and has become a big challenge to the nation-state construction of Lebanon.