尼采的神话观与现代主义神话叙事

Nietzsche's View on Myth and Modernist Mythological Narration

作为现代哲学的开创人之一,尼采在其悲剧的起源和历史的研究中,摈弃了德国浪漫派试图利用神话恢复有机统一性的观点,提倡以酒神精神抵抗现代科技文明和理性带来的人力孱弱和颓废困境,以期唤醒和恢复作为人类生存本质的强力意志。而现代主义也从神话中找到了现代理性批判这一契合点,使神话叙事成为现代主义文学的一个显要特质,发挥着其在现代语境下的隐喻和救赎功能。尼采的神话思想对于现代主义文学中的神话回归产生了一种启示作用和预见性影响,在促进神话的现代书写中扮演着举足轻重的角色,从而使现代文学中的神话回归得以产生一种哲学内涵和意义。

As one of the founders of modern philosophy, Nietzsche discovered the resisting force of ancient myths against modern conditions in his research on the origin of tragedy and history. With his force in an irrational sense, he argues, modern people can strengthen themselves against their impotence and decadence brought about by modern technology and reason, and thus awakens to their own strong will to life. This has revealingly fore- shadowed the return of myths to modern literature, of which narration of myth functions as an eminent element. Therefore, in a certain sense, Nietzsche has played an important role in making myth a contributive factor in modern literature with his philosophical and historical thought on ancient mythology.