从理想性到工具性：当代中国政治典型产生原因的多维分析

From Idealism to Instrumentalism:Multidimensional Analysis of the Reasons of Establishing Political Types in Present-day China

1949年以来,无论是计划经济时期还是市场经济时期,中国的各行各业都曾出现过大量的典型,这些典型都是政府树立的,体现了社会主义的政治目标和道德理想,所以这些典型都是政治典型。虽然树立政治典型的时间是如此之长,但理论反思似嫌不足,比如对政治典型产生的原因就缺乏深入分析。树立政治典型往往既寄托了理想价值,又赋予了工具功能。从此角度来看,典型产生的原因主要有以下几点:一是传统文化为政治典型的产生提供了有力的背景支持;二是马克思主义为政治典型的产生提供了理论前提;三是理想主义精神为政治典型的产生提供了内在精神动力;四是社会主义建设实践需要政治典型的"在场";五是"鲶鱼效应"是导致政治典型产生的工具性原因。

Since 1949,there have been many types in every walk of life either in the periods of the planned economy or in the market economy.They were established by the government to help to realize its political aim and moral ideal,so they were political types.It is a long time in establishing political types,but there seems to be little theoretical introspection,such as on the reason of establishing types.Establishing political types has been put on ideal values and instrumental functions at the same time.From this point of view,the reasons of establishing political types are mainly as follows:First,the traditional culture supplies a effective background support for political types.Second,Marxism provides a theoretical premise for them.Third,the utopian spirit gives inherent spiritual drive to them.Fourth,the socialist construction practice needs their 'presence'.Fifth,the 'catfish effect' is an instrumental cause of establishing political types.