论制衡型刑事诉讼机制的构建

On the Construction of Check-Balance Criminal Litigation Mechanism

注重制约是刑事诉讼中权力分工与防止权力滥用的必然要求,也是保障被追诉者主体地位和基本人权的需要。在我国刑事司法中,权力之间配合有余而制约不足,且几乎不受当事人权利的制约,导致刑事诉讼呈现出明显的"追诉推进性"倾向,不利于防错、纠错以及保护无辜,不适应保障人权和刑事诉讼法治现代化的需要,应当向制衡型转变,即在制约措施设置上实行事先预防与事后纠正相结合;制约权力滥用与强化对不履行职责的监督制约并重;进一步明确公检法权力分工,并合理设置权力之间的制约,注重权力制约程序化,实现制约规范化;以及适当强化被追诉方主体地位和诉讼权利保障,以形成以权利制约权力的实质化、有效化机制。

Under criminal procedure,to protect the defendant's litigation position and basic human rights,to ensure the power distribution and prevent abusing power,power restriction is vital.In Chinese criminal justice,there are surpluses in cooperation and insufficiency in restriction among the powers,moreover,the powers are almost free from the restriction of the parties' rights,leading to the obvious tendency of 'advancing prosecuting' under criminal litigation,which is not conducive to prevent,correct mistakes and protect innocent,not meeting the requirements of protect human rights and criminal procedure modernization.Accordingly,check-balance criminal litigation mechanism should be set up,which calls for the combination of ex prevention and post correction on the restriction measures setting,attaching equal importance to the abusing power and non performing duty,reasonably designing the restriction mechanism among the powers on the basis of further confirming the power distribution between police,procuratorate and court,emphasizing the construction of procedure and rules for power restriction,appropriately strengthening the protection of defendant's rights,furthermore,making the power restriction enforceable and effective,formatting a reasonable mechanism of power restricting power.