滇池水系不同水体冬季浮游生物群落组成与水质的关系

The Relationships between Water Quality and Plankton Community Structure in Several Waters in the Dian Lake in Winter

运用浮游生物群落结构、指示物种和藻类香农—威纳指数,对滇池水系梁家河、翠湖和宝象河的水质进行评价,前两者显示,梁家河和翠湖属中污带水质,富营养化进程仍在继续,宝象河水质较好,属寡污带水质。香农—威纳指数计算结果却显示三个水体水质均较清洁,这可能由于冬季平水期气温、水温低,光照量少,单优的浮游植物群落难以形成,结果造成多样性指数偏高,未能反映出水质状况。因此利用香农—威沃多样性指数评价水质时还应考虑环境因子的同一性。浮游生物群落结构组成变化与气温、水温、透明度密切相关,藻类各类群变化复杂,要同时考虑各类群对特定环境因子的生理耐性和环境因子的变化幅度以及它们复杂的种间关系和环境因子间的互作。当前的滇池治理项目在关注滇池本体治理时,还应加强对入滇池的主要河流的生物监测和管理,及时发现和排除污染源,才能保证入滇池水质的清洁和水质的更新。

Water quality in Liangjiahe section in Dianchi, Cuihu and Baoxianghe was evaluated via the indicators of plankton community structure, denotative species, and Shannon - Weaner index. The first two indicators showed that Liangjiahe and Cuihu was in the statue of moderate pollution with eutrophication going on, while Baoxianghe was in good statue with little pollution. But Shannon -Weiner indexes indicated that the three waters were clear. Shannon - Weaner indexes were probable overestimated and useless, since the dominant phytoplankton community was hard to emerge in cool weather. It implied that homogeneity of environment was important for determination of Shannon - Weaner index. Plankton community structure in water changed with air temperature, water temperature and diaphaneity of water. The diversification of phytoplankton community structure was complicated, which was related to physio- logical endurance of species to many factors of environment and inter - and intra - species relationship. At the meanwhile of focusing on repairing Dianchi noumenon, the programs conducted in Dianchi should also focus on biological monitoring and management of the rivers inflowing to Dianchi, to find out and remove resources of pollution in time in these affiliated rivers, to make sure water inflowing to Dianchi clear and updating.