低能粒子散射特性的量子力学研究

Using quantum mechanics to study the scattering character of low-energy particle

本文主要讨论了惰性气体对低能粒子的散射问题。在惰性气体中,电子平均自由程与经典的气体分子运动论计算结果不符合,且惰性气体对电子的弹性散射总截面随着电子能量的减小而增大,经典散射理论无法对此作出合理解释。本文根据量子力学知识,考虑电子的波动特性,把电子与原子的碰撞看成是入射粒子在原子势场中的散射,以此建立模型进行分析,对现象作出了合理的定性解释。

The scattering character of low- energy particle in noble gas is analyzed in this paper. The electron mean- free - path is not coincident with the result of gas kinetic theory. The elastic scattering cross section increases with the decrease of electron energy, while the classical scattering theory cannot give a reasonable explanation. Based on quantum mechanical theory, electron - atom collision is considered as particle＇ s scattering in an atom potential field. A model is set up and a qualitative interpretation is presented.