小黑麦花药培养力的遗传模式分析

Genetic Control Analysis of Triticale Anther Culture Response

为探讨小黑麦花药培养特性的遗传特点和规律,以2个高花药培养特性和4个低花药培养特性的小黑麦为材料,用不完全双列杂交法对小黑麦花药培养力进行基因差异及配合力分析。结果表明,花药愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗分化率的基因型差异均达极显著水平,一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)都是相互独立的。对于花药愈伤组织诱导率而言,其父本和母本的GCA及父本×母本的SCA方差均达显著或极显著水平,该性状的遗传差异既包括加性效应,也包括显性效应,但加性效应更为重要;对其绿苗分化而言,父本×母本的SCA方差达极显著水平,而父本和母本的GCA均不显著,该性状的遗传差异除包括加性和显性效应外,还包括上位性效应,但以非加性效应更为重要。因而对小黑麦花药培养力而言,在GCA效应高的基础上选配SCA高的组合,通过杂交可以选育出花药培养力高的基因型。

In order to investigate the inheritance of anther culture traits of triticale, Genotype difference and combining ability of triticale anther cultvre response were studied by the way of incomplete diallel crossing, in which two high anther culture ability parents and four low anther culture ability parents were used. The result suggested that the difference in frequency of callus and green plantlet produced in anther culture response between genotypes was significant at 0.01 probability levels, and the general combining ability （GCA） and special combing ability （SCA） were independent each other . On the callus induction in anther culture response of genotypes, GCA and SCA were significantly different at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. The genetic basis of anther culture response was controlled by dominance effect and additive effect, additive effect was more important than dominance effect. On the green plantlet regeneration in anther culture response of genotypes, SCA were significantly different at 0.01 probability level, but GCA were insignificantly different. The genetic basis of anther culture response was controlled by additive effect, dominance effect and epistatic effect, but non-additive effect was more important. So it indicated that parents with high SCA could be selected and used in the triticale anther culture on the basis of the high GCA. Some parents with low callus induction rate could be improved by cross breeding.