1RS．1BL易位染色体对小麦开花后叶片延绿特性的影响

Effect of 1RS.1BL Translocation Chromosome on Stay Green Trait in Common Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

为了探究延绿特性产生的遗传基础,利用延绿型小麦新品种川农17和小麦品种绵阳11杂交所获得的F6代43个稳定株系为材料,研究了1RS.1BL易位染色体对小麦开花后叶片延绿特性的影响。结果表明,川农17含有一对新合成的1RS.1BL易位染色体,具有开花后叶片衰老延缓和维持较长时期绿叶面积的优良特性,而绵阳11不具有这个特点。利用C-带及A-PAGE技术对川农17和绵阳11杂交的43个F6代株系进行了鉴定,发现17个延绿株系均含有1RS.1BL易位染色体,但另有8个含1RS.1BL易位染色体的植株不表现延绿特性,18个含一对1B染色体的株系均不表现延绿特性。延绿现象与1RS.1BL易位的存在呈极显著的正相关关系(r=0.6861,P<0.001)。这一结果说明小麦开花后的延绿特性是由1RS.1BL易位染色体上的基因和小麦背景基因相互作用控制的,指出川农17的1RS.1BL染色体上存在着至少一个基因控制延绿特性。

For investigating genetic foundation of the stay-green trait, wheat cultivar Mianyang 11（ wild type for stay-green） was used as a parent to cross with wheat cultivar Chuannong 17. Chuannong 17 hosts a new 1RS. 1BL translocation chromosome and has been released in 2003 in China, which displayed high yield potential and an expected agronomic character of stay-green of leaves after anthesis. In the F6 families from this cross it is easy to distinguish the stay-green and wild type plants in the field. In the late grainfilling stage, the color of leaves of stay-green plant would still keep green, while the leaves of the wild type exhibited yellow. Chromosome components of forty-three F6 families originated from the cross Chuannong 17× Mianyang 11 were analyzed by means of C-banding and A-PAGE techniques. Twenty-five families were proved to contain the 1RS. 1BL translocation chromosome, in which seventeen families exhibited stay- green after anthesis in the field. On the other hand, no one of the other 18 families with a pair of 1B chromosomes presented the character of stay-green. The result indicated that the stay green trait is controlled by the genetic interaction between the genes on the new 1RS. 1BL and other wheat chromosomes. A significant correlation coefficient between the existence of the 1RS. 1BL chromosome and stay-green （ r= 0. 6861, P〈0. 001） reveals that the 1RS. 1BL translocation chromosome in wheat cultivar Chuannong 17 should carry a gene（s）, necessary for leaf stay-green after anthesis.