不同灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effect of Irrigation on Grain Yield and Quality of Wheat Cultivars with Different Grain Colors

为给彩色小麦高产优质栽培提供科学依据,以紫色小麦KZ6061(紫麦)和绿色小麦绿麦1号(绿麦)为材料,通过田间试验研究灌水对彩色小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明,灌水处理对彩色小麦(紫麦和绿麦)的籽粒产量、千粒重、容重和籽粒蛋白质产量有显著影响,以B3灌水处理(春5叶、开花期和灌浆期灌水)最高,但与B2灌水处理(春5叶和开花期灌水)差异不显著。灌水处理对彩色小麦籽粒清蛋白、球蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量影响不显著,对总蛋白和谷蛋白影响较大。其中,以B1灌水处理[春2叶露尖(二棱初期)、春5叶露尖(雌雄蕊分化期)和开花期灌水]的总蛋白和谷蛋白含量最高。紫麦的干湿面筋含量和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著,绿麦的沉淀值和面筋指数在各处理间差异显著。从籽粒产量和蛋白质产量以及水分有效利用考虑,以B2处理最佳。

In order to study the effects of irrigation on grain yield and protein content and quality of wheat with different grain colors, a field experiment including three irrigation treatments （treatment BI： irrigation at the 2nd and 5th leaves emergence and anthesis; treatment B2： irrigation at the 5 leaf emergence and anthesis; treatment B3： irrigation at 5 leaf emergence and anthesis and grain filling stage） and two wheat cultivars of K86061 （purple winter wheat）, and Lumai 1 （green winter wheat） were conducted. The results showed that the irrigation treatments have a significant influence on winter wheat with different gain color. The grain yield, thousand grain weight, grain test weight and grain protein yield of B3 treatment were the highest, and significantly （P〈0.05） higher than those of B1 and B2 treatments. There were no differences in albumin content, globulin content and gliadin content of all cultivars under different treatments. The total protein content and glutenin content were affected significantly （P〈0.05） by irrigation treatments, and the highest value was in Bltreatment with significant difference （P〈0.05） comparied with B2 and B3 treatments. The effects on the sedimentation value and gluten index were significantly （P 〈0.05） different in Green wheat under irrigation treatments, and there were significantly differences in dry gluten, wet gluten and gluten index of the purple winter wheat. The two cultivars responsed differently to the irrigation treatments.