播期和密度对冬小麦豫麦49-198群体性状和产量的影响

Effect of Sowing Date and Planting Density on Population Trait and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat Cultivar Yumai 49-198

为给豫麦49—198大面积推广选择适宜栽培措施，设置播期和密度各3个水平，通过大田裂区试验研究了播期和密度对该品种群体性状、产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明，通过播期和密度变化可以调控群体性状，最高群体茎数随播期推迟和种植密度减小而下降，早播（10月5日）的最终成穗数较少；最大叶面积指数随播期推迟而下降，孕穗后早播的叶面积指数衰减较快；就花后干物质积累而言，播期间适播（10月12日）〉晚播（10月19日）〉早播（10月5日）。不同播期和密度处理对籽粒产量及其构成因素的影响达显著水平，并且密度对产量构成因素的影响大于播期。3个播期中，适播的产量显著高于早播，但与晚播的差异不显著；密度间以中密度（1957Y／ha）产量最高，低密度（120万／ha）最低，两者差异达显著水平，但中密度与高密度（270万／ha）的产量差异不显著。根据本试验结果可以得出，豫麦49—198维持最大叶面积指数9．5和干物质积累量21000kg／ha左右时，籽粒产量可以突破9000kg／ha，相对应的适宜播期和种植密度为10月中旬和195万～270万／ha。

In order to provide suitable cultivation measures for the large-scale extension of wheat cultivar, Yumai 49-198, the effects of sowing dates and planting densities on population traits, grain yield and yield components were investigated. The results indicated that sowing date and planting density could adjust population characters. The highest stem number decreased with the delay of sowing date and reduction of planting density. Of all sowing dates, the final ear number of the early sowing date was less. The highest leaf area idex decreased with the delay of sowing date. The leaf area idex of the early sowing date decreased faster than that of the other sowing dates after booting stage. The dry matter accumulation after anthesis was the most when Yumai 49-198 was planted at October 12, followed by the late sowing date and the early sowing date. The effect of sowing date and planting density on grain yield and its components was significant. The influence of planting density on yield component is bigger than that of sowing date. Of all sowing dates, the average yield sown at October 12 was significantly higher than that sown at October 5, but not significant higher than that sown at October 19. Of all planting densites, the average yield of the density of 1 950 thousand seedlings per hectare was the highest, but not significant to that of the density of 2 700 thousand seedlings per hectare. According to this result, when the highest leaf area idex and dry biomass accumulation were around 9.5 and 21 t per hectare, respectively, grain yield of Yumai 49-198 could reach up to 9 000 kg per hectare, while the responding suitable sowing date respectively was middle October and planting density was 1 950-2 700 thousand seedlings per hectare.