“欲”:中国近现代美学的基本范畴

"Desire":Basic Category of Chinese Modern Aesthetics

在传统话语体系中,"欲"由于其本能欲望的指向而受到种种压制,无法在美学领域取得自身的话语权。但从明中叶开始,随着商品经济的发展、心学的解体以及西方文化哲学的渐入,"欲"范畴及其所代表的自然人性开始被重新认识,在美学领域它不仅在理论层面被视为文艺的本体,而且也在文艺实践中得到有效实践。"欲"范畴在我国美学话语中经历了从初步确立到中期徘徊再到自由嬉戏的三大历史阶段,并表现出进步性、曲折性和不彻底性等三个特征。在大众文化日益繁荣的今天,深入探讨"欲"范畴的美学内涵和价值有着重要的理论意义。

In traditional discourse system, “desire” was oppressed due to its instinct hint, failing to acquire its discourse right in aesthetics. However, since the middle period of the Ming Dynasty, the booming market economy, collapse of study of heart and introduction of western literature and philosophy, these had promoted to restudy the category of “desire” and its representation nature humanity, which was not only treated as ontology of arts and literature in theoretical level, but practiced effectively. The “desire” category in our aesthetic discourse experienced three historical stages： initial building, hesitation in middle period and free demonstration, illustrating its three characteristics, progressive, torturous and no thoroughness. In currently booming mass culture, we discuss the category of “desire” and its aesthetic connotations, which has a great theoretical meaning.