马克思主义资本有机构成理论创新与实证分析

The Innovation on Marxism Organic Composition of Capital and Empirical Analysis

马克思资本有机构成理论主要考察的是资本有机构成短期和外延的变化,并以其短期变化为背景条件;故考察了一些在资本主义经济中具有长期性的变化趋势或呈规律性特征的经济事物后,自然会得出某些具有局限性的理论结论。由于时代条件的限制,马克思资本有机构成理论的假定条件主要着眼于科技进步对劳动客观条件的作用,而较少考虑其对劳动主观条件的作用;在现时代发展马克思资本有机构成理论,首先要根据资本主义经济实际,将由科技进步引起的劳动主观因素的变化引入资本有机构成理论之内,并要假定科技进步不仅引起劳动客观条件变化,也会引起劳动主观条件变化。以此为基础,将资本有机构成进行外延与内涵、短期动态变化与长期动态变化的区分,可以发现,长期来看资本有机构成,会发生提高、不变和降低三种变化状态;再通过运用美国1929—2007年的相关数据样本对上述观点进行实证检验,并利用这些验证了的结论,就可以对现时代马克思经济学若干理论面临的问题予以新的解释与分析。

Marx organic composition of capital theory mainly focused on the research of the short-term and extensional changes of the organic composition of capital. And in the background of short-term change, Marx further analyzed some economic subjects which are in the nature of long-term trend or regular character in the Capitalist economy and then got some limiting conclusions. The reason for this is because the assumption of organic composition of capital theory is focused on the effect of labor objective condition brought by technology, and spent less consideration on the labor subjective condi- tion. In modern Capitalist economy, the effect of labor subjective condition brought by technology will be draw into the organic composition of capital theory. The progress on technology brings chan- ges not only on the labor objective condition but also on the labor subjective condition. With corre- sponding of these changes, the organic composition of capital will be differed into two parts to analyze： extension and intention organic composition of capital, short-term and long-term changes. And then it will also have three trends： increase, constant and decrease. Furthermore, this paper also uses the relative data of the United State 199,9--2007 to test the theoretical positions above and then gives a new explanation and analysis toward the problems faced by Marxism economics in the modern time.