劳动供给过剩条件下的就业压力和最终失业

劳动技能和失业之间存在负相关关系,在劳动供给过剩的发展中国家,技术水平越低的部门,失业越严重。本文论证了,在发展中国家劳动市场的调整过程中,就业压力具有自上而下累加的性质,高技术工人在低技术部门的再就业是以低技术工人被挤出为代价的,结果社会失业总量没有改变,但失业结构发生了变化,全部失业都集中到技术水平最低的部门。

There is a negative relationship between labor skill and unemployment. In developing countries with surplus labor, generally, the lower the sector＇s skill requirement is, the more severe the unemployment. This paper shows that during the adjustment of labor market of developing countries, the employment pressure accumulates from top to bottom, i.e. the high-skiU workers＂ reemployed by low-skill sectors are at cost of the crowding-out of the low-skill workers.As a result,the social amount of unemployment doesn＇t change, but the unemployment structure changes. All unemployment tends to focus on those most low-skill workers.