准噶尔盆地4种沙拐枣属植物群落的α多样性及土壤环境解释

α diverstiy of four Calligonum L. communities and soil interpretation in the Junggar Basin

根据野外调查资料分析了准噶尔盆地泡果沙拐枣、红果沙拐枣、奇台沙拐枣和艾比湖沙拐枣4种群落的生态学基本特征,确定α多样性的11个指数。结果表明:4种沙拐枣群落组成成分简单,科属组成较为分散;群落组成中,适合的优势种优先占有生态位,使伴生种和稀有种的发展受到约束;研究发现本地区4个群落多样性按大小排序大致分两类:一类是均匀度Heip指数,结果排序为泡果沙拐枣>红果沙拐枣>艾比湖沙拐枣>奇台沙拐枣;另一类是生态多样性指数,结果为红果沙拐枣>艾比湖沙拐枣>奇台沙拐枣>泡果沙拐枣;不同群落类型土壤因子的方差分析表明,全盐含量和pH值的差异在4种群落中差异显著,能够很好的解释群落多样性之间的差异;生态修复实践中,艾比湖沙拐枣与奇台沙拐枣更具改良推广的潜在优势,同时应根据各物种的特性合理搭配,从而组成结构稳定的人工群落,减小维护强度。

The ecological characteristics of C. calliphysa, C. rubicundum, C. klementzii and C. ebi -nuricum communities were investigated by sampling in the Junggar Basin, and the indices of α diversity were compared with those of other communities. The results showed that the specific composition of community is simpleness and poor. The extent of plant niche is determined by competitive power. The results of 11 indices are classified into 2 kinds ： one is evenness indices, and the order is C. calliphysa 〉 C. rubicundum 〉 C. ebi - nuricum 〉 C. klementzii; another is ecological diversity indices, and the order is C. rubicundum 〉 C. ebi - nuricum 〉 C. klementzii 〉 C. calliphysa. The results of variance analysis showed that there is specific relationship between soil variables and plant community type. According to the community characteristics, the C. rubicundum and C. ebi -nuricum communities can be selected as pioneer plants in ecological restoration.