汶川震后一个月受灾者心理应激状况

Psychological stress condition of earthquake victims one month after the Wenchuan Earthquake

目的研究地震一个月后受灾者心理应激状况,分析心理应激与相关因素的关系。方法采用创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状自评量表及自编社会支持问卷、安全感问卷对受灾者进行调查。结果所调查的受灾群体中,创伤后应激反应符合轻度诊断标准的比率为17.65%,符合中重度诊断标准的比率为0.84%,男性均多于女性。获取社会物质支持、信息支持和心理支持越少,创伤后应激反应越严重;生活安全感、确定控制感和归属感越缺乏,创伤后应激反应越严重;暴露程度越高,创伤后应激反应越严重。结论汶川地震是强烈的应激事件,创伤后应激反应强烈,社会信息支持、生活安全感和确定控制感得分与创伤后应激反应有密切相关。

Objective To investigate the psychological stress condition of the earthquake, victims one month af- ter the earthquake, and to analyze the relations between psychic stress and influencing factors. Methods Earthquake vic- tims were investigated by Post Traumatic Stress Disorder （PTSD） Self-Rating Scale one month after the earthquake. The self-designed questionnaires for social support, security sense and exposure degree were also conducted at the same time. Results By the light criterion, the incidence of PTSD was 17.65% ; by the strict criterion, the rate was 0. 84%. The rate for males under either criterion was greater than that for females. The severity of PTSD was reversely correlated with social, information, and psychological support. The significant factors impacting PTSD also included belonging sense, security sense, affirmed control sense, and exposure degree. Conclusion The occurrence of PTSD after earthquake had significant correlations with social information support, life security sense, and affirmed control sense.