基于农户调查的重庆市农村土地流转研究

Study on Farmland Circulation in Chongqing Based on Household Survey

研究目的:探明农村土地流转形式、影响因素和流转后农民的生活保障,了解农民对土地流转的意愿。研究方法:问卷调查,统计分析。研究结果:户主的文化程度对土地流转的影响不大;家庭人均收入水平越高,发生土地流转的比例也越高;离城镇或交通线路近,发生土地流转的比例高;土地流转实现形式主要是自己联系、承租人联系和集体组织;土地转让后的生活保障主要靠外出务工。土地流转的期望收益平均在540元/亩,土地流转方式以免费送给亲戚和租给他人或企业为主,土地流转的时间以1—2年为主,土地流转的管理方式希望通过集体组织管理。研究结论:农村土地流转受农户家庭收入、农户所处的区位条件等影响;政府应加强法律、法规建设,加快土地流转市场化;尽快健全与完善农村社会保障体系;发挥政府公共服务职能,规范土地流转管理,引导农民对土地流转的新认识。

The purpose of this paper is to find out patterns of farmland circulation, influential factors, livelihood of farmers, and reveal their viewpoints of land circulation. Methods of questionnaire and statistical analysis were employed. The results indicate that the higher the households＇ incomes and the nearer to the town traffic lines, the higher proportion of land circulation, while the degree of education of farmers has no overt influence. The farmland circulation is mainly conducted by farmers, leaseholders and organizations. The sources of livelihood after land circulation are mainly working away from hometown. The farmers＇ economic expectation is 540 Yuan per mu. The land circulation patterns include giving to relatives for free or leasing to other people or corporations, mainly for one or two years. The management modes for land circulation expected by farmers are through collective organization. It is concluded that land circulation is affected by household income and land location, etc. The government should strengthen the establishment and enforcement of laws and regulations, promote marketing of land circulation and the social security system. The government should also improve its function in public service to regulate the management of land circulation, and guide farmers to have a new understanding of land circulation.