论《五藏山经》之“虎”与图腾的关系

On the Relationship Between the "Tiger" and the Totem in "The Classics of Wuzang Mountains"

《五藏山经》记载了大量的山神,学者或将其归入自然崇拜;或因山神形象多是"动物的变形"而将其归入图腾崇拜。然而,《五藏山经》中具有"虎"特征的神与一般的"山神"有明显不同,或与"帝"有密切的关系,或于神界有司职,或与居住地无密切关系,或兼而有之。因此,《五藏山经》中"虎"的文献与"自然崇拜"及"图腾崇拜"皆无直接的关系,只是"虎"图腾在后世神话中的遗留。

＂The Classics of Wuzang Mountains＂ has recorded large amount of mountain demons which some scholars classify into natural worship although some classify into totem worship because of the animal-deformed images. But mountain demons characteristed with ＂Tiger＂ show significant differences from others. Some display close relationship with the God. Some hold posts in the God world. Some have no direct relationship with the place they live, or a combination. Therefore, the ＂Tiger＂ in this Classics has no direct relationship with ＂natural worship＂ or ＂ totem worship＂ but only the trace left by ＂Tiger Totem＂ .