讲座制的历史演进及其当代评价

Evolution and Evaluation of the Lecture System

作为大学组织建制、学科制度以及学术权力的有效载体,讲座制于特定历史时期在加强学术权力、确保大学自治、教授治校、学术自由等方面发挥了特殊的功效。但讲座教授集教学、科研、财物及人事工作于一体,私权过大,对有限学术资源实施高度垄断,遮蔽学术组织中的弱势个体,不利于学术权力公共性之构建。此外,研究领域狭窄,学科壁垒森严,亦在一定程度上制约学术自由,影响学术发展。

As a form of institutional organization,a way of course arrangement as well as an expression of academic authority,the Lecture System played an important role in strengthening college autonomy,academic governance and freedom esp.at certain historical periods.However,the chair professor,often solely in charge of teaching,research,financial and personnel management at the department,is likely to monopolize the academic resources,suppress the disadvantaged and abuse his individual rights at the expense of collective rights.In addition,narrowing research domain and sectarian bias,frequent byproducts of the Lecture System,to some extent may impose restriction on academic freedom,and constitute an impediment to academic development,too.