水利工程影响下的河流生态径流及其调度管理研究

Studies on allocation and management environmental flow with impact of water structures

河流生态需水是维持河流健康的基本条件,是按生态水文节律形成具有时空和能量特性的径流过程。从研究河流生态系统特性和河流生态水文节律入手,构建河流标准生态径流(最小生态径流、适宜生态径流、最大生态径流、生态洪水脉冲)体系并分析其内涵,组成能反映河流生态系统需水的流量管理系统等级。在此基础上,提出了河流生态用水预警制度和流量危机管理机制,探讨保障生态用水安全的调度和管理模式。以长江流域中下游为例进行了实例研究。

Satisfying water needs of environmental flow is essential for sustaining healthy rivers, and it is a process of forming runoff with spatial and temporal and energetic features in line with eeo-hydrologieal rules. Standard environmental flow system （including minimum environmental flows, balanced environmental flows, maximum environmental flows, flood pulse） is created, based on studies on characters of fiver ecosystem and eeo-hydroiogical regime of rivers. The study result can reflect the degree of water needs of river ecosystem. Taking middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as a typical ease, discussions are made of early-waming system of ecological water use and flow emergency management, as well as models of securing ecological water needs.