国家社会化：国际关系的一项开究议程

State Socialization:One Agenda in International Relations Study

国家社会化研究的兴起既是建构主义进一步发展的需要,也是解释国际政治现实问题的需求。尽管目前学界对国家社会化概念的界定尚未达成共识,但是其基本内涵可概括为:国家社会化是国际社会互动导致国家认可、接受国际社会期望的思维方式和行动方式的过程。国家社会化的基本途径是通过国际社会教化和个体国家内化实现的。社会教化,指国际社会通过社会化的机构及其执行者实施社会化的过程。国家内化,指社会化的主体——国家通过社会互动,接受社会教化,将国际体系规范转化为稳定的思维和行为反应方式的过程。国家社会化的作用机制是多样的,包括战略计算、角色扮演、规范沟通、模仿、说服、社会影响等等。将社会化概念引入国际关系研究既有重要的学术意义,也存在局限性,需要注意避免过度使用。

The reasons for the rising of state socialization study lie not only in the need to further develop constructivism but in that to interpret the realistic issues in international politics. State socialization means basically a process during which states acknowledge and accept the ways of thinking and acting expected by the interacting international community,which is to be realized by ways of international community teaching,a process for the international community to socialize through its socialized institutions and implementers,and nation state internalization,a process for the nation states to accept the teaching and to turn the international norms into stable ways of thinking and acting. State socialization mechanisms include strategic calculation,role playing,normative suasion,mimicking,persuasion,social influences,and etc. Both advantages and limitations exist in introducing the concept of state socialization into international relations research and undue socialization should thus be avoided.