黑龙江野生黄花蒿生物量及青蒿素含量

Biomass and Artemisinin Content of Wild Artemisia annua in Heilongjiang

为合理利用黑龙江地区的黄花蒿资源,对黑龙江野生黄花蒿各时期的生长状态指标——株高、冠幅、鲜质量等进行了观察,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定了青蒿素含量,研究了黄花蒿生物量变化与青蒿素含量的相关性,比较了黑龙江各地区野生黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的差别以及青蒿素在植株中各部位的分布。结果表明:各生物量指标在7月中旬增长较快,现蕾期(7月25日)达到最大;生物量的高峰期与青蒿素含量最高时期一致,均为现蕾期,此时期为黄花蒿的最佳采收期;青蒿素含量受地域影响较大,牡丹江市磨刀石镇黄花蒿青蒿素质量分数较高,为937.78μg/g;青蒿素在植株各部位含量差异较大,叶片含量分别为主茎和小枝的18倍和50倍左右,即叶片为青蒿素主要产生部位。

The growth indexes of wild Artemisia annua L. in Heilongjiang Province, including plant height, crown width, branch number, fresh weight, and other biomass-related factors, were measured in order to rationally use A. annua resources. The relationship between artemisinin content and plant growth was studied with the help of high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the artemisinin contents of A. annua in different regions in Heilongjiang were compared and also those in different plant parts of A. annua were detected. Results show that the biomass indexes of A. annua increase quickly during mid-July, and their peaks occur at squaring period（ July 25 ）. Artemisinin content and biomass ofA. annua synchronously reach their maximal values at squaring period, which is the best harvest time. Artemisinin content is greatly influenced by the growth place, and the highest content of artemisinin （937.78ug/g） was found in Modaoshi Town in Mudanjiang. Artemisinin content exhibits large differences in different plant parts, and leaves have more artemisinin, in which the artemisinin content is 18 times and 50 times higher than that in main stem and branehlet, respectively.