从GATS三大原则的实质要件看欧盟2003第87号指令是否违反WTO规则

According to the Three Principles of GATS to Review whether EC 2003/87 Directive Violates the WTO Rules

GATS作为WTO的基本协议包含了三个主要原则,即国民待遇原则(GATS第17条),市场准入原则(GATS第16条),以及最惠国待遇原则(GATS第2条)。所有WTO的成员国都应当遵守这三个原则,其制定的法律法规也不得与三大原则相抵触,否则就是违反了WTO的义务。欧盟作为WTO的成员之一在2003年启动的国际减排贸易计划中,决定对不属于京都议定书成员国的法人和自然人不给予政府补贴。

As the basic protocol of WTO, GATS involves three principles, namely National Treatment（ GATS Article XVII） , Market Access（GATS Article XVI） , Most-Favored Nation（GATS Article Ⅱ）. All members of WTO shall obey with the three principles, and their laws should not be in conflict with the principles, otherwise they will be deemed to violate WTO＇ s obligations. Being a member of WTO, EU established an emission trading program in 2003 and decided not to give allowance to legal person from non-member of Kyoto Protocol.