《尚书·吕刑》不同版本及其思想研究

Textual Variants of "Lü's Regulations of Punishments" and the Evlutioin of Ideology in Zhanguo Period

本文着重讨论《尚书·吕刑》"苗民弗用灵,制以刑"之句。除了目前所见的《尚书》版本之外,郭店楚墓出土和上海博物馆收藏的两种《缁衣》简本、传世的《礼记.缁衣》经本、传世的《墨子·尚同中》等文献中,亦皆有这一句。但五种文献中所引此句各不相同。据此推论,文本的差异既表达出战国时期社会思想的多元性,亦显示出文献在历史上的演化过程。其中郭店简本所表现的是战国前期最原始的儒家政治理想。从后来文献的变化,还可以看到战国晚期以来儒家"天命"概念的发展状况。

The article presents analysis of one phrase from ＂Lu＇s Regulations of Punishments＂ chapter from ＂Classic of Documents＂. This phrase is currently also found in the canon text of MOZI, ZIYI chapter from ＂The Book of Ritual＂, and in two variants of ZIYI, pre-Han bamboo text （one of them excavated in Chu＇s grave in Guodian, another is from Shanghai museum collection）. There are variations in all these five sources. The author argues that these variations are the result of ＂Lu＂s Regulations of Punishments＂ evolution. The Guodian＇s variant is the earliest, and represents political ideal of the early Confucianism. Subsequent changes reflect development of the ＂Mandate of Heaven＂ concept in Confucianism.